Dear Architect is a monthly feature from AIA Utah to answer our members’ questions. Our “Architect” is really a panel of architects who review the questions to give you the best possible answers. If you want to ask a question write to DearArchitect@AIAUtah.org 
11.05.2024 DEAR ARCHITECT: Why should I submit for a design award? They cost money, and a lot of time, and time is money, and we haven’t won one yet. Many architects are humble and don’t want to go around “suspender snapping” as an old boss of mine use to say. BUT … design awards are not just about a jury telling you how great you think your design skills are; they are about your client and how they shared their dream and invested in a project that is special. They are about your entire team and the contributions they made. And they are about how you and team have contributed to the build environment. And yes, if you win, you get some great publicity in the A/E/C community as a talented firm with an innovative project. And if you don’t win, you have spent a reasonable amount of time putting together the particulars of a project and gathering photographs that you can use in promotional v for proposals, brochures, social media, and websites. It is time well invested in thinking through your work. DEAR ARCHITECT: How do I stop my PIC from going after jobs we can’t possibly get? If the design world was analytical then you could use Go-No Go score sheets, you could use your win-rate track record with similar projects, you could reason that your time is spent on more winnable pursuits. But the design world is equal parts emotion and skill, and many architects have aspirational jobs that they want to chase even if there is little chance of getting them. To complicate matters, once in a blue moon, the passion translates into a commission – so intermittent positive reinforcement is also in play. “Remember that time when we got that senior center when we had never done one before?” So, if you really think there isn’t a chance that you are going to beat the competition, try using the analytical approach first. If that doesn’t work, rather than just chasing your tail and pouting, work with that PIC to find a winning strategy: partnerships, strategic hires, innovative ways to showcase your portfolio that align with the project and the client. Or maybe there is a longer strategy at play - perhaps you have already met with a client and want to show them a formal proposal, sometimes it’s an ongoing client that you want to demonstrate that you value their relationship. This is not a battle that you are going to always win, but you can feel less bad about wasting time if you find a path to the short-list. DEAR ARCHITECT: How much time should I spend on the design phase of a project without going broke? At the onset of the project, the PIC/PM must set parameters for the design effort. My first boss told me that we are in the business of architecture. If we do not take care of business, we will not be able to do the architecture. If we spend so much time honing a design that there is then inadequate time to complete construction documents and construction administration, we are not being good business-people and are not fair to our employees. If one phase of the design is out of whack, it diminishes each of the subsequent phases. 
11.12.2024 DEAR ARCHITECT: How should I choose engineering consultants when none of them are non-exclusive and all of them seem capable? A lot depends on your client. An engineering firm might have a long-term relationship with a client and know their culture and building stock. The client might request a consultant. The client might be fee-driven and are looking for the best perceived value for their dollar. The engineers might have very creative solutions that fit well with the design ethos of your own firm, and you can sell the package better to client. Choosing a consultant, regardless of discipline, should be based upon trust and an alignment of core values. Architects are responsible for the work of our consultants, and cannot simply respond that the consultant blundered, mismanaged, or did not adhere with an agreed upon schedule. Our consultants are an extension of our services. You should consider carefully who you hire, for usually you hold the contract with them. There are also specialty engineers that should be vetted and interviewed prior to hiring. We have interviewed several engineers; we ask to see examples of their documentation and ask them for examples of how they have dealt with issues on site. They have to work in the same software platform we are in, be respectful of everyone on the team and carry insurance! DEAR ARCHITECT: Do I really need to hire a professional marketer? If you are a very small firm, you probably don’t need to and maybe can’t afford to. You are depending on most of your business from word of mouth and reputation and you have lower revenues but lower overhead. You are also probably not scoring big projects because there is the perception that you don’t have the capacity. The larger you get, the bigger the projects you have, and you need someone dedicated to promoting the firm, writing the proposals, and generating the graphics. It doesn’t make sense for that person to be an architect. Your time is better spent on those billable skills you have developed in architecture school, than generating marketing material. It is vital to have a marketer or two on staff: ask yourself are you an architecture firm or a marketing firm? Marketing is a triple full-time job. Make no mistake about it – all principal architects have to do some marketing because people want to get to know the person who is actually designing their project. Even with a marketing department we as architects spend several hours looking for work, responding to RFPs, networking. There isn’t enough time in the day to do everything that we need to do, having a capable marketing employee that can represent your firm is imperative. Like as not, those marketing people might be better than you are at it, anyway. DEAR ARCHITECT: How do you feel about holiday cards, or holiday gifts to clients/others? This is a perennial, well certainly annual, conundrum. Holiday cards are nice in theory, but everybody sends them, and with a large business often the only person who sees them is the receptionist. That said, they are sort of … expected. Gifts – many public clients can’t accept them, and who gets the gifts in the client group that can accept them? Only the bosses? And what are they – something with your brand? Makes marketing sense but do your clients want to advertise your firm or their own. Something meaningful? A picture of your project? Something they use every day like a nice pen? A donation to a favorite charity? Since there is there is no right answer to these questions, we suggest something that fits comfortably in your marketing budget. Sadly, chances are good that your clients just might not remember where they got the gift. Individual, personal, one on one occasions for gifts/lunches seem to pay dividends in comparison to holiday E-blasts. Food is always a reliable solution and even the underlings get to eat that.
11.19.2024 DEAR ARCHITECT: Is there a formula for building a project budget by phase? Well … it’s a risky business, but... In the past, the breakdown was:
2024 is more like this:
(*) – Pre-Design is outside of Basic Services but is generally 5% of the total fee. In today’s BIM world, the nature of SD and DD has changed to be more complete when compared to architectural phases in the past. As the “model” is created earlier, what was traditionally completed in the CD phase has moved forward. The Construction Administration phase has also become more complex and increased to 20%; particularly for large, fast track projects. And, if everybody could keep to this ratio, we would all be making money or at least breaking even. Archinect has some pretty interesting feedback on this, however. Thoughts include: For residential construction
One person said that they use this breakdown, and charging hourly has been a game-changer:
But, then… The problem with hourly is you spend so much time tracking your time and billing (do you add that to your fee?) And then, one guy admitted that it usually works like this:
And if everyone works over 60 hours a week they can break even.
11.26.2024 DEAR ARCHITECT: What role does the Historic Landmarks Commission serve in Salt Lake? Is this a powerful body? “The Historic Landmark Commission conducts design reviews of new construction or alterations to landmark sites and to properties located in Salt Lake City’s local historic districts. Any demolition within an historic district must be approved by this Commission. The Commission is also charged with monitoring the preservation of historically significant resources within the boundaries of the City and reviewing proposed regulations affecting historic preservation. The Commission also reviews and makes recommendations on proposals to designate additional historic properties.” Apart from the official definition noted above, the commission helps guide both renovation and new construction within designated historic districts to ensure the integrity of our historic city. For more information on the Commission, Policies and Procedures, refer to the website: https://www.slc.gov/boards/boards-commissions/historic-landmark-commission/ DEAR ARCHITECT: Is work/life balance really a thing in architecture? Architecture is a very satisfying and very demanding occupation. Architects routinely work more than forty hours a week, sometimes much much more, and often on the road. Architects with young families frequently find themselves torn in many directions trying to satisfy the diverse needs of their employers, their clients, their partners, and their children. Older architects find themselves with aging parents who need care and attention. And what about hobbies? Everyone deserves a hobby. To address work/life balance, many architecture firms are offering flexible work hours, work from home solutions, job-sharing opportunities, and encouraging outside interests. A new generation of design professionals are demanding these solutions before accepting a job offer. Oh, and take your vacations – preferably some place in a different time zone with limited cell service.
12.03.2024 DEAR ARCHITECT: I am a small firm do I need to specialize in a market sector? A very definite maybe. If you are a very small office, you might be doing a variety of work for a variety of clients. These projects are typically smaller (budget and square footage) and there might be a variety of building types, often residential and commercial remodels. However, today many smaller firms are specializing because clients want to hire an expert, and small firms want to score bigger, better jobs, and there are architects who just have a very strong niche and can be hired as design consultants to larger firms to do production. And when? As soon as you know what type of client or project type that you like and/or do best. DEAR ARCHITECT: Why do I need to specialize in a large firm when they seem to do everything? Large firms build strong portfolios in specialties that attract clients because of their extensive experience with a building and/or client type. Architects in those firms specialize in one (or more) areas so they can:
That said, market areas (like housing) can dry up, so it is smart to have experience in another specialty or two. And when? As soon as you know what type of client or project type that you like and/or do best.
12.11.2024 DEAR ARCHITECT: Should we do client perception surveys? Who should do them? Of course, you should do client perception interviews. Every firm should have a handle on how every client they have feels about their work. It is way too easy to think that you have a great relationship with a client and believe that they would tell you if there were a problem. Sometimes they do, and often they don’t. Clients can be conflict avoidant and won’t want to cause problems or hurt their designer’s feelings. So, it’s best to have someone who is not on the project conduct the interview to get the most objective response. Mind you, there is an art to doing these interviews, it is not just filling out a questionnaire, so before you just send anyone out there, make sure they have been trained! DEAR ARCHITECT: Wait! Train them, what does that mean? The interviewer must be prepared to get a range of a responses. One client might just want to vent, another might be trying to protect their architect’s career but still voice some issues. The interviewer should understand the project, its goals, and know in advance what hiccups may have occurred along the way with this, or other projects with the client. But remember, these are perception interviews, and the client well may be off base in their assessment of the designer, the design, the budget, or a sub-contractor. Still, it is the client’s perception, and they (usually) pay the bill. It is not the interviewer’s job to fix the problem, just to report that there is one to the primary service provider and let them address the issue. Just as important, however, is to tell the team when the client thinks they are doing a great job. DEAR ARCHITECT: When should I do one? Before it is too late to fix a problem. The timing of the client perception interview may be concurrent with the site survey prior to the 12-month warranty period review. At this time, the building has been in use for almost a year and the users/facilities personnel have grown into the space. This is a good time to get good constructive criticism/praise from them.
12.17.2024 DEAR ARCHITECT: What do I do if a client refuses to pay invoices? First and foremost, you should have a contract that sets out the services provided, and the fee expected. Payment at net 30 days is pretty typical. Before transmitting invoices, make certain the right person is receiving them and that the format of the invoice is what the Owner expects. Then, when you (or your financial person) have not received payment, a reminder letter is typically your first step. If that goes unheeded within 2 weeks, call them or meet with them to determine if they aren’t paying because they don’t have the resources or they aren’t happy with the services. If it is the former, you can try to negotiate a payment plan. If it is the latter, then you can try to negotiate a payment for services plan. Prior to 60 days, let the Owner formally know that by contract (standard AIA) you intend to halt all work, and that there may be additional start up fees to do so. (The threat of stopping work often spurs Ownership to find funds) Still no payment? Your next steps are a collection agency or taking legal measures against them. If you decide to sue, remember that attorney and court fees are costly so do a cost/benefit analysis before moving forward -- this client is probably not a return client either way, so you might consider letting it go. It’s really best to stay ahead of the game … research your new prospects, have your payment policies set out in your contract, send invoices promptly and schedule reminder notices in advance. Vetting clients before any work is done is one of the most important aspects of Project Management we do as Architects. DEAR ARCHITECT: Is there a good reason to do pro bono work other than altruism? Sure, but the first reason to do it is to give back to your community. Nonetheless, there can be genuine payback.
Finally, if you can afford it (because any project will take time and money) you can keep staff on the payroll when things are lean and avoid costly turnover. It gives younger designers a platform to spread their wings, gives senior designers a way to watch and mentor younger designers. Some firms limit pro bono work to 1% so the costs do not adversely affect the overall bottom line of the practice.
01.07.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: Do net zero projects really achieve net zero? A net zero emissions building is defined as a structure (or project) that either uses no energy producing emissions or offsets the emissions produced by exporting emissions-free energy (from on-site renewable energy systems). So yes, there are design-side ways to achieve Net Zero and there is the purchase of credits that can help you get to Net Zero. Achieving net zero requires the removal of carbon emissions as well as all greenhouse gases being emitted into the atmosphere. The clear benefit is that the buildings reduce carbon footprint, and consequently promotes environmental sustainability while decreasing the reliance on the use of fossil fuels that contribute to climate change. And, yes, they are really net zero as verified by the rigorous certification processes used by the US Green Building Council and International Living Future Institute (ILFI). Unfortunately, designing for net zero is not the fastest, cheapest, or easiest way to develop a project, and no matter how well-meaning or high minded a client is, often the bottom line, is well, the bottom line. Most often, net zero projects demand a significant investment in energy efficient materials and technologies, the design is often complex, as can be maintenance and operation, and there are issues around grid integration and geographic limitations. Nonetheless, universities, municipalities and large corporations will and do push net zero. Additionally, the AIA has issued a 2030 Challenge: The Commitment “is an actionable climate strategy that gives us a set of standards and goals for reaching net zero emissions in the built environment.” Read more about it here https://www.aia.org/design-excellence/climate-action/zero-carbon/2030-commitment.
01.14.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: What do I say to a client who wants to know why they need an architect for a small to medium sized renovation? Well, if it is a small, uncomplicated remodel that doesn’t involve much structural work, or creative thought, a contractor might be able to cover the bases without the need of a licensed design professional. Still, if you are meeting with a client who is waffling over whether or not to hire an architect, take the time to evaluate the project in advance. Be honest with yourself and the client, what do you have to offer? Certainly, having an architect on board increases the probability of success of the project by providing individualized design solutions that speak to the project’s particular needs and preferences. There are also likely long-term cost savings through efficient space planning and material selection. Architects also provide professional guidance on local building codes, permits, and regulations, which smooths the process. An architect can help select/vet a GC with the owner that is capable of successfully doing the work. Equally important, to you as the design professional, is, do you want this project? Every project, large or small requires a significant amount of investment of time and money. Is this a good time to take on a small project? Will this project bleed time from another more profitable or larger job? Is this the type of job your firm does efficiently? Is the small job something that will lead to a bigger job with the same client? DEAR ARCHITECT: How do I vet a client I have never worked with previously?
01.21.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: Why do Condominium projects pose more risk than apartment projects? Condominiums are problematic in general because we as architects may be sued by an entity (Home Owners Association) that we have no direct contact with. The association is formed after the project is completed, HOA’s have no input during the design process, project financing, value engineering etc. As architects, we can design to the budget that Ownership establishes, we can design to specific code and zoning regulations of the specific jurisdiction, however, the HOA may sue because, in their opinion, the best design option was not selected. For example, a triple pane glazing system that has a greater acoustical value was not used for their unit, regardless that this selection was well out of the overall budget. There are hundreds of “decisions” that are made during the design process working in coordination with owners. The base problem is that these decisions can be called to question by the HOA after the fact. For these reasons:
Don’t be afraid to walk away. We walk away 90% of the time. For a deeper dive into condo design and subsequent litigation, read this article from AXA Insurance. DEAR ARCHITECT: I work for a manufacturer. What is the best way to connect with the designers and specifiers to highlight offerings and build a working relationship beyond answering production information and technical questions? Trade shows and lunch ‘n learns are helpful, but unsolicited calls usually go answered, unless you have a product that directly relates to something a designer is working on. We all tend to respond well when a supplier helps solve a problem. That way, you can provide a useful context for your product and offer the opportunity to provide details. Knowing the needs of a project in advance, especially if you have a particular product that can be used in a specific project is always a good way to get ahead of a design. That will mean following upcoming projects, reading RFQ/P’s and attending pre-proposal conferences. You also get to know which architects are chasing which jobs.
01.28.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: Should I get licensed? AIA and the profession certainly hope so. We have an ethical duty to the public to provide spaces that are safe, meet current codes and contribute to the betterment of this planet. DOPL, NCARB, NAAB, IBC and other organizations provide foundations to ensure that the responsibility of architects is vetted and confirmed. Becoming licensed requires rigorous schooling, hours of practice prior to licensure and a series of exams to vet competency in the profession. The importance of this type of verification is critical for the credibility of our profession. This is not to say that an unlicensed professional cannot do the same. There are plenty of very competent unlicensed professionals that contribute mightily to our industry. However, for many, that lack of a license will become a glass ceiling. Fortunately, there are routes for those that do not have a higher education degree but have been working for at least a decade in an office and understand the standard of care that is required of us. We get that that there are many reasons may delay or keep you from getting licensed:
Beyond having to maintain professional liability insurance (as you stamp drawings) there is really no downside to being a licensed professional. There are many upsides: you have increased salary potential, you have standing with clients, consultants and contractors, you have more leadership opportunities, you provide better marketing collateral and perhaps, most importantly, you can call yourself an architect.
02.04.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: How do I enforce deadlines? Not having enough time, or running out of time, is the single biggest stumbling block we hear about from architectural personnel. Everybody in the firm, from the principal in charge to the CADD Tech, to the proposal writer knows the pressure of a looming deadline, and the fear that they do not have enough time to do their best work. Moreover, we are in a creative profession, where solving an architectural problem, refining a design, creating a new scheme, is going to take about as much time as it takes. Serving our clients is our first obligation – so meeting those deadlines are critical. We must first be honest and realistic with ourselves when setting deadlines. Sometimes we as architects are our own worst enemy regarding deadlines. Owners make changes past SD & DD and expect the deadlines to be unaffected. When we acquiesce, this only serves to increase the pressure of deadlines. That said, here are some tools. Assuming you are the party responsible for delivering the deadline:
Some hints, to make your job easier:
Will this work? Depends on the stakes. Internal deadlines, especially for non-billable work are the hardest deadlines to enforce. So, it inevitable that your colleagues don’t meet your deadlines because they are meeting other client-driven deadlines. Still, how stressful is it to be waiting for someone to do their work so you can do your work? So,
02.12.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: What are the most important bills to watch during the legislative session right now? The fast pace of the legislative session always creates a bit of a moving target for what to watch and what to react to or not. This session has started off with a few bills that have the potential to affect the practice of architecture in significant ways. Here are a couple of the key pieces to watch: H.B. 114 Architects Licensing Act Amendments (Rep. Lee, T.): This bill looked to change who can call themselves an ‘Architect’ using derivatives of the word. The original language would have undermined the root of who and what an architect is in the state code and professional practice. After meeting with Representative Lee, it was clear that this was not their goal, but rather a fair use of terms that describe architecture in the context of narrow exceptions that allow unlicensed professionals to describe the services they offer in designing one and two-family dwellings and some small commercial spaces. While the original code appears to already cover any modifications being made now, a reiteration/restatement of what is already allowed within the section that describes unlawful conduct is being added. This new language is meant to clarify ambiguous constructs of the code for administrative purposes.
H.B. 160 Professional License Degree Amendments (Rep. Gricius, S.): H.B.160 attempts to remove roadblocks to licensure in Utah – not only in architecture, but several other professions as well. In its original form, this bill would have potentially undermined the licensing board’s ability to determine the best way to offer pathways to architectural licensing for Utahns. However, it was later realized that the current rules for licensure already offer several paths that include NAAB accredited programs as well as apprenticeship routes to becoming a licensed architect. This is in addition to the methods of obtaining a Utah license via reciprocity.
H.B. 368 Local Land Use Amendments (Rep. Whyte, S.): Bill 368 is an apparent multi-year effort in conjunction with the League of Cities and the development community to streamline several aspects of land management/conveyance, design, review and construction processes throughout the state. It covers issues such as annexation, landscape requirements, public hearings, fire codes, inspections, and even the potential use of A.I. programs for city reviews of building permit applications. This bill is far reaching with over 7670 lines of legalese, affecting some 57 sections of law already on the books. Depending on your persuasion, this bill could be problematic & dangerous or on the other end, liberating and innovative. Regardless, it’s a big one to watch.
02.18.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: Will Utah sign the Multi-Lateral Agreement for Reciprocity with Canada; as part of the licensure bill or otherwise? Utah recently became a signatory to the Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) with Canada, as well as with the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. AIA Utah is working closely with the DOPL Board to create a one-page resource that summarizes these agreements, providing valuable information for Utah licensees. Stay tuned for this upcoming resource, which will help you better understand the opportunities these agreements bring. For more information see this article from NCARB. DEAR ARCHITECT: Since the Trump administration is focused on shrinking the government workforce, what changes should we look for in federal work and procurement? With the federal government focused on reducing its workforce, what changes can we anticipate in federal work and procurement? While the situation is still uncertain, here are some key factors to watch:
Stay informed on these developments to navigate potential impacts on federal work and procurement. For those firms with federal practices and/or contracts, we recommend:
02.25.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: How can we prepare for the anticipated aluminum and steel tariffs’ impact on our projects? This is a prickly subject. As one local contractor said, “none of us can predict and none of us can prevent what will happen.” The following is informed conjecture, but based on discussions with cost estimators and general contractors, on-line research, and experience during the 2020 tariffs. First the obvious: steel and aluminum are the literal and figurative backbone of structures. They are utilized in virtually every project, and if not in the structure itself, then in the mechanical systems. Presently, there is not enough domestic product to supply the demand. The Trump administration’s stated long-term goal is to bolster domestic production and protect American jobs. Current steel production capacity is hovering at 74% domestically; which means the industry has 26% capacity to yield. If domestic manufacturers can increase production, and if the domestic manufacturers increase their costs only slightly (under the 25% imposed foreign tariffs) there can be more domestic jobs. However, rebuilding the US steel and manufacturing infrastructure might take five to ten years of concerted effort, and that is if there is appetite to do so. So, in the short-term, at least, the building industry will be tested. Assuming the tariffs go into effect on March 12, expect the cost of imported materials to increase, and expect that those increases to be passed on to owners. President Trump could walk these tariffs back. Even if he does, suppliers are already girding their loins and communicating with contractors to expect an increase in prices. They are encouraging contractors to order and procure immediately, because projects that have been mobilized or are in early stages of construction may have contract values that were calculated without accounting for the tariffs. Waiting could mean delivering the bad news to clients that their projects will cost more, in some cases substantially more. What we do know today:
To clarify, labor costs will stay the same, however, material costs may increase by 25%. For example: something costs $3,000.00. Half is material costs - $1,500.00, half is labor cost - $1,500.00. Applying a 25% surcharge for material costs would drive the $1,500 cost to $1,875.00. Adding this to the $1,500 for labor costs drives the original $3,000 cost to $3,375.00. This total upcharge is between 10% and 15% increase of the original cost. This is not the first time we have experienced these tariffs. Generally, as the best indicator of the future is the past, then expect:
So, what we can do?
Here is an excellent article to help prepare for the likely adjustments to project budgets.
03.04.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: What is the protocol regarding the transfer of a PIC to another firm who is in competition? Typically, the receiving firm will release an announcement about the new addition to their firm. It will include the background of the new principal and the areas of practice the architect will be leading or joining. There’s no fixed pattern for such moves as each firm, individual and situation has unique conditions. So, negotiations can set the parameters, timing, economics, and PR around the departure of a PIC. It’s incumbent on the new hire to share those conditions with the new firm so all parties have a clear understanding of what might land in court or with bad press if conditions are ignored or violated. Announcements should be carefully crafted to not overstate the new hire’s expertise and achievements. One sticking point is often what materials a departing PIC, or any employee, can take with them. The AIA Code Ethics requires a firm to allow any departing employee to take “reasonable” materials, drawings, photos, or similar artifacts that are evidence of their work. The firm where the work was done is likely to hold the copyright for these materials. Adhering to copyright laws require that the copyright and credit be properly observed and noted whenever used. Another PR aspect that should be addressed in how the client and press identify credit for the project in their press releases or stories. It is a good idea for the departing PIC and firm holding the contract to provide some correspondence that they jointly send to the clients informing them of the departure and include language regarding how credit should be given in any public announcements or press discussions of the project. Granted, neither the departing PIC nor the firm can control with the client or press do, but the PIC and firm can’t accuse the other of not providing proper credit. If the announcement is misleading, principals at the leaving firm generally contact the new firm and outline what may happen if the misleading verbiage is not amended. Several years ago, a principals left us, then announced “his” projects as part of his resume without acknowledging our firm. It gave the impression that the design was his when it simply was not. We spoke to the new office, and they acknowledged that moving forward, this inappropriate narrative would not be repeated. This also applies use of images / photos of the new hire PIC in marketing materials /RFP responses, resumes and related materials prepared at the new firm. This is addressed in the AIA Code of Ethics. The Ethics Council’s webpage at aia.org has summaries of cases that have been adjudicated and closed by the Council. A PIC has a non-compete clause, but is it really upheld? Best to check with an attorney on this matter, however they are often unenforceable if the agreement exceeds what individual states will or will not allow. Each state is different: Right to Work States for instance. They are particularly unenforceable if there are “unreasonable” provisions, such as a lifetime prohibition to market former clients. The departing PIC must be allowed to pursue their career and make a living. Commonly included in a non-compete is prohibiting the departing PIC from contacting former clients, for a limited period of a year or two. Often clients & PICs develop strong friendships in the course of project. Are two “friends” having lunch, playing golf, having dinner where they don’t talk business a violation? What if the departing PIC is respecting the non-compete, and isn’t soliciting former clients, but one day, during the non-compete period, a former client calls the departing PIC and asks them to propose on a new project? These are the things that make non-competes so hard to negotiate and enforce. Should it be upheld? This can go either way, there is an argument for honoring an agreement that you have signed. Nonetheless, as it is the primary way that you make a living, there is an argument for not asking anyone to sign one. Would you ever be audited if you didn't? If a firm brings legal action against a departing PIC, during discovery, phone calls and emails could be subpoenaed as evidence of wrongdoing but going to court for such violations is pretty extreme and rare. What happens to the previous design documents if they've stamped them? Are you opening up your company for unnecessary risk? Projects stay with the firm, not the PIC. The office’s liability insurance will cover the individual architect’s accountability. Should there be accusations of gross personal negligence in the departing PIC’s project actions, they may be drawn into a suit. As such, the PIC was acting on behalf of their firm and the former firms’ insurance would defend them both. If gross negligence were proven, there may be a course of action against the former PIC. Basically, how do you 'tie up loose ends' when it comes to switching a PIC mid-CA phase? This really is situational. Sometimes a hand-off to another professional is sufficient. The firm that holds the contract with the owner can contract with either the individual architect or the architect’s new firm to provide consultancy until the contract has been completed. Depending on the departing PICs interest in continuing with the project as well as the compensation, there may need to be split between the departing PIC and the firm holding the contract. There also could be contractual and liability insurance issues to be resolved with the client.
03.11.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: How can architects use AI to be more productive in their jobs? Luckily, The American Institute of Architects published a report in November 2024 in collaboration with Deltek and constructconnect, on Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Architecture Firms: Opportunities and Risk. We encourage you to read this document, but here is a snapshot of its findings:
Some general conclusions and observations:
Evolution of AI use in Architecture firms: Some firms, particularly larger ones, are actively engaging, firm wide, with regenerative and computational design. This has become a part of their research and innovation pursuits. One principal in an international firm remarked, “the percentages the profession is using AI, according to the AIA’s article, seems remarkably low. I also dispute the notion that only younger architects are focusing on AI’s possibilities. In every studio, in every one of our 30 offices, including SLC, we have dedicated AI champions that are mentoring each office about its significant advantages. “If you are not on-board, this train will quickly leave you behind at the station.” Another architect, with a national consultant practice says, “AI is a rapidly evolving area of development with changes happening nearly hourly. Monitoring that evolution is important. Rather than letting staff just “mess around” with it, have some staff dedicated to monitoring and understanding it. Give them a job number to explore its uses, and then require regular, scheduled reports to firm leadership and staff. Because its uses are so broad, consider designating some staff to explore uses in design phases while others look into project management/practice management/marketing uses. That way you’d engage both designers and managers vital to your practice. As it is evolving, there are also of risks to its use. You might begin by limiting its use to internal functions while finding best uses to your specific practice. As you better understand the pros and cons of use, develop firm guidelines for staff while using this new tool. Keep an eye on AI’s progress so that your guidelines remain current. Lastly, consider paying for a license to use whatever platform you find most useful. When using a free version of most AI platforms, the information that results from your inquiry goes into the Cloud, accessible to everyone on the planet. Privacy and security issues could result. You are helping train that platform’s large language model. By owning a license, you protect your inquires and results. This is particularly true as you use AI to help draft marketing proposals by learning from your prior proposal.” ** Note – this was not written using AI. If you don’t have it already, you can get a copy of the AIA AI report here.
03.18.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: What is the best method or software to track architectural projects? We received this question as part of the responses to the AIA Utah Survey. As the coordinator of Dear Architect, I decided to experiment with AI software as a follow-up to last week's question about how AI can be used in architectural practices. It took about 30 seconds for ChatGPT to answer the question. I then shot it out to my collaborators on the committee* to edit, respond and amplify on the answer. For context:
Committee Member #1 (CM1) – is a principal with a large international firm *There are other committee members who did not participate to the responses to this question. As you can see, the AI software gives a good first draft response, but it requires diligent editing and modifying for accuracy and for individual responses and opinions. This is a long list of tools, but probably not exhaustive. Here is the ChatGPT Response with Committee Responses to "What is the best method or software to track architectural projects?": Architectural projects require tools that allow for project management, collaboration, and document control. The "best" method or software can depend on the (CM1: office size), complexity, and size of the project, as well as the team's needs. Below are some of the most commonly used tools and methods: 1. Project Management Software These tools help with tracking deadlines, budgets, team collaboration, and progress. CM1: Our firm has developed our own software for Project Management. Additionally, we use MiroBoard to collaborate across geographies. a. Asana
b. Trello
c. Microsoft Project (used for design team only)
d. Monday.com
e. Smartsheet
2. BIM (Building Information Modeling) Software BIM is often used in architecture for visualizing and tracking design changes, schedules, and costs.
a. Autodesk Revit
a.1 AutoCad - CM2 b. ArchiCAD
c. RHINO - CM3 CM3 - Heavily used on the East Coast and National Firms. Some local firms use this tool. Most graduate students at the University of Utah have learned this program. Good for designing complex geometries, and a great parametric design software. d. Trimble Tekla Structures
3. Document Management and Collaboration Tools For architecture projects, managing documents, approvals, and communications is key. a. Procore
CM1: GC centric, only used if ownership requires this. b. Dropbox or Google Drive
c. EGNYTE - CM3 CM3: Cloud based storage, that is an excellent user-friendly depository, no need for physical space for a server anymore, or heating and cooling in your office. Easy for file transfer, or server down when the power goes out. c. Bluebeam Revu
CM1: Used for about 30% of our projects. Many of our clients are very conversant with Bluebeam. d. Newforma - CM2
CM3: Plan grid for CA, part of the Auto Desk construction Cloud. Many firms use Newforma. 4. Time and Budget Tracking For keeping tabs on project costs and hours spent on various tasks. a. Harvest
b. Toggl
c. Ajera (used for exec. Management integrated with finance) - CM2
5. Integrated Solutions (PM + BIM + Docs) Some software packages combine several aspects of project management, design, and documentation into one unified platform. a. BIM 360 (Autodesk) Construction Cloud
CM3: INCORRECT- we use it successfully on small projects. I would say best for any project that has a team, even a team of two. b. Buildertrend
CM3: I only know of contractors that use this. Key Considerations:
CM3: This isn’t true we are a small firm and we work on simple projects, anytime you are working with consultants using BIM is to your advantage for coordination, instant renderings
CM3: This isn’t true we are a small firm, and we work on simple projects, anytime you are working with consultants using BIM is to your advantage for coordination, instant renderings. We have clients that require a BIM model. Key considerations are budget, because BIM products are costly, but if it makes you more efficient then well worth the price.
CM3: But the cost might be worth it if it makes you more efficient. Ultimately, the "best" method is one that aligns with your team's workflow, project requirements, and budget. If you're managing a large-scale project, an integrated BIM or project management tool (like Autodesk Revit, Procore, or BIM 360) might be your best bet. If it's a smaller project or a more streamlined process, tools like Asana or Trello might suit you better.
03.25.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: What are the best books to read for architects this year? Architecture is such a broad field that the books architects should be reading depend on their interests and how they broaden their perspective to become a better architect serving humanity—whether you're focused on design theory, history, sustainable practices, technology, the philosophy of space or any topic related to how the built environment can improve people’s lives. Here’s a mix of books across different categories that have received attention in the architecture world; some of these books are enduring favorites. 1. Design and Creativity
2. Sustainability and Ecological Design
3. Architectural History & Theory
4. Urbanism & Future Cities
5. Cultural Contexts and Global Architecture
6. Digital Technology & Innovation
7. Practice and Professional Development
8. Philosophy & Architecture
04.01.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: What will it take for the entire project team to work within the same documentation, models, parameters, etc. to make for a truly collaborative approach that brings out the best from the A/E/C industry? Note: This is a lengthy answer for a complex equation. The question was asked by a colleague at Utah Construction and Design, and several great committee responses were conflated into one answer. Achieving seamless collaboration among all members of an Architectural, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) project team requires a multifaceted approach that integrates cooperative project delivery methods, advanced technologies, and standardized processes. Even with all these systems and technologies in place, the most lasting ingredient is trust built on past experience. Project Delivery: By choosing the project delivery process the owner/project sponsor has the greatest impact on the degree of collaboration that occurs on the project. The 2014 McGraw Hill Smart Report “Managing Uncertainty and Expectations in Building Design and Construction”, details the seven top causes for uncertainty in the industry. Owner decisions are the driver in most of those causes. Design - Bid - Build approaches by their very nature set the stage for conflict between the construction team and design team. Design - Build, Negotiated Contract and others can increase collaboration amongst the parties but only when the Owner accepts contract language that enables and promotes collaboration. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) was created to inspire collaboration amongst all parties by giving incentives and rewards for collaborating. In the “purest” form of IPD, the architect and contractor actively participate with the owner in establishing and modifying budgets, program, and schedule to achieve the “best” possible project. In that purest form of IPD, the architects and contractors willingly put some of their profit at risk along with the owner, so everyone has “skin in the game”. Often, all parties agree to forgo lawsuits to settle disagreements and work together in a single space called the "big room” concept. Rarely will an owner agree to give the architects and contractors that level of control in the project, limiting the resultant collaboration The AIA Contract Document Family has model contracts for each of those delivery methods, including IPD, which help you implement more collaborative contract requirements. They can also serve as a reference in considering an owner developed contract’s provisions, giving some points to try to negotiate for inclusion to enable greater collaboration. Building Information Models (BIM): BIM is now the way designs are developed and construction documents prepared for most projects. The National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) develops and maintains an array of resources available to everyone describing how digital technology can be used to improve collaboration and efficiency in the design, construction, and operations of our buildings. The National BIM Standards (NBIMS) is a good place to start examining how your firm might change your current processes and standards to align with others using technologies across the industry. One of the inhibitors to improved collaboration is the reluctance of firms to adapt their processes and national standards, preferring to utilize their in-house grown process and standards. This can require project team members to “learn” and adapt their process for each new project. Processes and Protocols: Once the project begins, everyone wants to “just get started” drawing and developing the BIM model. Slowing down to plan first enables you to go faster later with fewer revisions and rework. For each project and its specific team members, including the contractor, look to NBIMS for advice in developing a BIM Implementation Plan. It requires a commitment of all the parties to develop the Implementation Plan jointly, adhere to its requirements without fail and be responsible making timely revisions in their model. The BIM model is only as good as the data creating it. The Implementation Plan should include definitions, schedules, technology platforms and what version of that platform is to be used, who is modeling what elements, file naming conventions, file sharing protocols, and clash resolution protocols. Level of Design (LOD) plans define who will model what elements, what level of information is to be included at what stage of develop, who will maintain each element, tolerances and all the characteristics of the elements throughout the project. It also includes what the state of the BIM model will be upon completion of the project. This is important if the owner intends to use the BIM model for the operation and maintenance of the building throughout 75 years or more of the building’s life. There may be implications for the team members’ fees if that is the case. Another important component of the Implementation and LOD plans relates to the use of clash detection protocols with platforms like NavisWorks. When to run the clash detection reviews can smooth and speed the development of the BIM model during the design process and eliminate rework by the contractors during construction. An in-depth review of the BIM Implementation plan should be scheduled at the beginning of each project phase, integrating lessons learned for the phase ahead. Training and Education: This is usually the weakest link in the industry as we have become increasingly dependent on technology. Software developers and trainers report that the majority of users utilize a small percentage the power available in any given platform. Many academic programs do not teach students to use the software platforms, particularly the BIM platforms, the way we do in our offices. Although as one of our committee members notes, University of Utah students are coming into their office better prepared with BIM skills, as each office tends to use their BIM platform differently, with different standards and with different processes the firms should be prepared to dedicate more time and money to training newly hired staff. Trust: Collaboration is based on trust. Typically, successful projects are with Owners, Contractors, and Consultants where there is a solid existing relationship. Having that underlying trust allows the team to work through the inevitable surprises during the project. There are techniques to develop trusting relationships, but the most important is by producing a quality set of documents, answering questions quickly, and being fair with one another. Understanding the pace of construction, and what GC’s needs to maintain construction schedules is vital. One of our committee members, sums up their firm’s approach to making a project work, “the majority of our work is for return clients. We say, ‘we are in the business of architecture’. The business side of what we do must be taken care of and then, and only then, can we have the freedom to be effective architects. Putting ourselves in the owners’ shoes to understand what drives them, understanding their vision for the project and their economic constraints are all key to building the trust relationships.” Back to Top
04.08.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: What are some of the untraditional paths to architectural licensure in Utah? This is a great question – the Licensing Board is actively working to produce some educational resources this year to help communicate these paths to our architect community, as we realize the current alternative paths are pretty convoluted. In the meantime... In Utah, as in many states, the traditional path to architectural licensure follows a standard route: obtaining a Bachelor's or Master's degree accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB, completing the Architectural Experience Program (AXP), and passing the Architect Registration Examination (ARE). Title 58-3a is the Architect Licensing Act gives the specific requirements for licensure through two primary paths. Both of these pathways allow for “sub-paths” that include education alternatives for each route. 1) Initial Licensure in Utah (the “Standard” Path as described above) This is the path that specifically calls out education requirements, but the Act defers to DOPL for delineating what exactly those education requirements are (and, as such, what education alternatives may be allowed). The details of the education requirements by DOPL, including NAAB-accreditation, are given in R-156 as summarized below. 2) Licensure by Reciprocity This path requires the candidate to hold a current license, in good standing, with another jurisdiction and one of the following two options. Note, as you can see below, either of these could be through the traditional path or through an education alternative as well. a. A current NCARB certificate (which can be obtained in a variety of ways, including alternate education paths – see below) OR b. Full-time employment as a licensed architect in another jurisdiction as a principal for at least five of the last seven years immediately preceding the date of the application. R156-3a-301(2) from the Architect Licensing Act Rule is where the NAAB-accredited (Bachelor's or Master's) professional degree education requirement is spelled out, but the Rule also allows for a few exceptions to that requirement. The education alternatives include: Option A – International candidates who received an architectural education in another country can have their education assessed through a program called Education Evaluation Services for Architects (EESA), a process which compares your academic transcript(s) to the NCARB Education Standard, and determines whether your education meets the standards for initial licensure. Option B – In lieu of a NAAB-accredited degree, a candidate may submit verification of current NCARB Certification. a. NOTE: NCARB Certification currently requires initial licensure through one of the 55 U.S. Jurisdictions, which means a candidate pursuing this as an alternative path to licensure through Utah would be required to first pursue licensure through another jurisdiction, maintain that license for a minimum of three years, then apply for their NCARB Certificate through one of the education alternative routes, and subsequently apply for licensure in Utah. b. Similar to initial licensure, there are also multiple paths to NCARB Certification. For the purposes of satisfying the education alternative requirement, the Utah Architect Licensing Act Rule does not have any restrictions on which of those paths a candidate takes to obtain their NCARB Certificate. There are currently at least three paths to NCARB certification which do not require a NAAB-accredited degree. The NCARB website has a great tool that maintains a current summary of the jurisdictions that do (or do not) require NAAB degrees and gives additional information about where to find more detail on each state’s unique requirements. Back to Top
04.15.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: What blogs should I be following? There are several excellent architecture blogs that cater to various interests, from design trends and architectural theory to news about the latest building technologies. Here's a mix of well-known blogs and niche ones that you might find interesting: One of the largest and most comprehensive platforms in architecture, ArchDaily covers a broad range of topics including: news, featured projects, interviews with architects, and design ideas. It's a go-to for inspiration and emerging trends in the industry. Bob Borson, FAIA offers personal stories from his life as an architect, insight into the profession (what it’s like working in a firm, dealing with clients, construction challenges), design philosophy, detailing, and architectural trend, and lighthearted takes and humorous observations about the quirks of the industry. A great source for design, architecture, and art, Designboom offers daily coverage of new projects, exhibitions, and innovative products. It's a mix of contemporary architecture, design theory, and visual culture. Known for its in-depth analysis, critical essays, and global perspectives on architecture. It’s more theoretical and critical compared to some of the more visual-oriented blogs. e-architect features international architecture news including building designs, projects, and architectural competitions. It also highlights architectural firms, sustainability in design, and innovative new trends. Ideal for keeping up-to-date on architectural competitions. It posts about global design contests, projects, and industry innovations, making it a valuable resource for aspiring architects and firms alike. This blog focuses on modern architecture, interior design, and design-related innovations. It covers both residential and commercial projects, often highlighting cutting-edge design. Dezeen is a highly popular architecture and design website that blends architecture with art, interior design, and product design. It's known for its visual-heavy posts and its focus on modern and contemporary architecture. Focuses on the intersection of architecture, urban planning, and public space. It’s a fantastic resource if you’re interested in how cities function and how design impacts the built environment. Offers articles on architectural design, principles, and trends, with a section dedicated to architectural theory. It’s also a great place for finding inspiration through global architectural examples and case studies. Although it leans more towards luxury design and interiors, AD still offers insightful articles about high-end residential architecture, trend analysis, and the works of renowned architects. The Contemporist focuses on modern design, including architecture, furniture, and product design. It showcases the best in contemporary and innovative design ideas for the home, office, and beyond. Archinect is an influential online platform for architects, students, and design enthusiasts, offering project galleries, news, job listings, and forums for discussion. It's a great resource for staying updated on architectural developments and design trends. Subtilitas is a more niche, artistic blog that delves into architectural details, focusing on beauty, craftsmanship, and the subtle aspects of design that often go unnoticed. Design is hard. The path you follow from start to finish is never a straight line. If only there were another handful of clear diagrams to explain the process.“Coffee with an architect" by Jody Brown has some fun Venn diagram graphics about the design process.
04.22.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: A lot of folks have been forecasting an economic downtown for some time. In the last couple of weeks, the voices have gotten louder; Governor Cox has asked for a recession plan. What can we do? Whether it happens in 3 months, 6 months, next year, or in the next ten years – an economic downtown is inevitable, and it is best to be prepared for it with a plan in hand. Immediate Action Checklist:
In the long term: Diversify Your Client Base Avoid over-reliance on a few big clients or a single sector, like luxury residential or retail, which might dip in a downturn.
Quick move: Reach out to local government, hospitals, schools, and nonprofits in Utah — offer free consultations or concept studies, where that is possible within the law. Remember that a recession impacts everyone and nonprofits are often hand to mouth. Larger nonprofits have larger hands and larger mouths. Stabilize Cash Flow
Quick move: Review your current A/R — chase outstanding invoices and incentivize prompt payments. Strengthen Service Offerings
Quick move: Bundle a “Recession-Ready Space Analysis” service package for local businesses. Strengthen Local Networks In Utah’s tight-knit market, relationships matter even more in a downturn.
Quick move: Host a small open house or online session about "Building Resilience into Commercial Properties." Optimize Digital Marketing If work slows, visibility can keep you top of mind.
Quick move: Update your website and social channels with a “Future-Proof Projects” portfolio. Scenario Planning Think through how your firm would respond to different downturn levels:
Create quick-hit plans for staff, expenses, and project pipelines. Quick move: Draft a 1-page contingency plan this week.
04.29.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: Utah has faced an affordable housing shortage for some time. What is at the heart of the issue, and what role can architects pay to address the issue? Utah is an extremely attractive place for individuals and investors alike. The demand for housing has outstripped the current housing capacity. The issue is exemplified by the housing situation in Salt Lake City. Since 2022, we have averaged growth in the Salt Lake metropolitan area of 11,000 people per year. Our annual construction growth for the comparable timeframe has averaged 1,700 units, thus the shortfall. Our construction efforts have not matched the incoming demand. Design Solutions for Utah’s Housing Crisis: 1. Missing Middle Housing
2. Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)
3. Modular + Prefabricated Housing
4. Adaptive Reuse + Office Conversions
5. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
6. Water-Wise + Climate-Resilient Design
7. Community-Led + Co-Housing Models
Where Architects Fit In:
05.06.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: Nationally, the demand for architectural services seems to be softening. Diversifying your markets always helps mitigate economic downturns, but with a potential recession looming is it really a good time to break into a new architectural market in Utah? Things seem to be holding steady in Utah now, but it is always good to be looking to the future as economies can be volatile. Breaking into a new architectural market in Utah during a potential recession could actually still work — but it heavily depends on how you do it and which sectors you target. Here’s a quick breakdown: PROS:
CONS:
For Utah specifically, it's worth noting:
If you can position yourself in sectors with steady demand (like adaptive reuse, sustainability retrofits, or public infrastructure projects), and stay lean and strategic with your launch, you might actually set yourself up for long-term success. DEAR ARCHITECT: How do I break into a new architectural market in the Intermountain West? Breaking into a new market like Utah’s architecture scene takes some thoughtful strategy. It’s a unique region with its own opportunities, quirks, and client expectations. Here’s a solid starting framework you can tailor to your goals: 1. Understand Utah Markets
2. Network Relentlessly
3. Build a Market-Relevant Portfolio If you don’t have local projects yet, create:
4. Optimize Your Digital Footprint Make sure your website and socials reflect:
5. Targeted Outreach
6. Offer Something Fresh Utah's market is growing but can be conservative. Position yoruself with:
Understand that it takes time, strategy, and resilience to break into a market. Start now.
05.13.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: Construction costs are getting higher and higher. What is driving it? How do I explain it to clients? High construction costs in Utah are driven by a combination of national economic trends and local factors. 1. Tariffs and Material Costs Recent federal tariffs have significantly impacted the cost of construction materials. For instance, new tariffs have increased the cost of building new homes in the U.S. by an average of $9,200. While Canadian lumber—a major component of U.S. imports—was exempted from these tariffs, it still carries a 14.5% duty from previous regulations. Other critical imports, like fixtures and flooring from Asia and South America, face steep tariffs with goods from places like China, Malaysia, and Indonesia subject to rates as high as 54%, 24%, and 32%, respectively. (New York Post) 2. Labor Shortages and Wage Pressures The construction industry in Utah faces a significant shortage of skilled labor, particularly in trades such as carpentry, electrical work, plumbing, and masonry. This shortage has led to increased wages as contractors compete to hire the limited number of available workers. In areas like Moab, the scarcity of subcontractors has driven up prices, with some builders unable to hire workers for less than $20 or $25 an hour. (Estates61) 3. Supply Chain Disruptions Global supply chain issues continue to affect the availability and cost of construction materials. Factors such as shipping delays, increased shipping costs, and logistical challenges have compounded the problem. These disruptions have led to increased prices for materials like steel and lumber, which are essential for both residential and commercial construction. (Estates61) 4. High Interest Rates and Financing Costs Utah's construction industry is experiencing increased costs due to elevated interest rates and financing expenses. For instance, in Salt Lake City, the Mortenson Cost Index increased by 1.5% in the most recent quarter, indicating a rise in construction costs. Additionally, commodity-based material prices are generally stable, but mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) scopes continue to show material and equipment pricing volatility, contributing to overall cost increases. ( Mortenson) The elevated interest rates are making construction loans more expensive, leading developers to either scale back projects or seek alternative financing options. For example, a developer financing a $5 million apartment complex in 2022 at a 3.5% interest rate would pay approximately $5,140,000 over a year. If the same project were financed in 2025 at a 5% interest rate, the total cost would rise to $5,720,000, an increase of $580,000. This higher financing cost can lead to increased rents to secure profitability. 5. Inflation Inflation continues to influence construction expenses in Utah, particularly in material and labor costs. The Producer Price Index for construction materials increased by nearly 20% over the past year. 6. High Demand and Limited Housing Supply Utah experienced an influx of 91,000 new residents in 2024, while only 11,000 building permits were issued across three counties. This disparity between demand and supply is contributing to escalating housing prices, making it increasingly difficult for residents to find affordable options. (CitizenPortal) 7. Regional Challenges in Rural Areas In rural areas like Moab, the scarcity of subcontractors and materials has driven up prices. The limited pool of services means subcontractors can charge higher rates, and the cost of labor has increased as builders compete to hire workers. For example, some builders are unable to hire workers for less than $20 or $25 an hour due to the competitive market. (Moab Times)
05.20.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: Can architects do anything to combat high Utah construction costs? While they can’t directly control material prices or labor shortages, they can influence overall project affordability through smart design, efficient planning, and coordination. Here’s how: 1. Efficient Design Choices
2. Site Optimization
3. Energy and Lifecycle Cost Savings
4. Early Cost Estimation & Value Engineering
5. Phased or Scalable Design
6. Permit & Code Strategy
7. BIM & Coordination
05.27.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: It is common knowledge that Utah has air quality challenges. What can architects do with design to improve it? Utah, particularly the Salt Lake City-Provo-Orem metropolitan area, faces significant air quality challenges. According to the American Lung Association's 2025 "State of the Air" report this region ranks as the 9th worst in the U.S. for ozone pollution (smog). Ozone pollution can severely impact respiratory health, triggering symptoms like coughing and asthma. Unique Pollution Problems Utah, especially the Salt Lake Valley, has serious inversion issues — cold air trapped under warm air holding pollution down near the ground. This makes outside air way worse in winter. Good building design has to deal with very dirty outdoor air, which isn't the case everywhere. Rapid Growth and Development Pressures Utah’s population is booming. Developers often prioritize speed and cost over sustainability or air quality improvements because there’s huge demand for affordable housing, fast. Weak Air Filtration Standards in Building Codes There aren’t strong, statewide requirements pushing architects to include things like HEPA filtration, dedicated fresh air systems, or pollution-resistant materials. Without mandatory rules these features often get left out. Energy Efficiency vs Ventilation Trade-offs In an effort to conserve energy (important in a place with hot summers and cold winters), many buildings are sealed super tight. Good for heating/cooling bills but bad for fresh air flow unless special systems (like energy recovery ventilators) are added which are expensive. Cultural Preferences for Big Homes There’s a Utah cultural preference for larger homes, sometimes 4,000–6,000 square feet. Bigger homes need much more thought to air circulation and air purification, and often they just don’t get it. Construction Material Choices Cheaper synthetic building materials can off-gas volatile organic compounds (VOCs), adding to indoor pollution. Without strict green building standards or consumer demand, better materials are often skipped. Public Awareness Gap While Utahns are very aware of bad outdoor air quality (because it’s so obvious during inversions), there’s less awareness that indoor air can be 2–5 times worse, and that building design matters. Architects in Utah (or anywhere facing air pollution challenges) can have a big impact through their design choices. Here's what they can do: Design for Better Indoor Air Quality
Site Planning and Building Orientation
Energy Efficiency and Net-Zero Design
Urban Planning Advocacy
Community and Resilience Design
Utah has organizations and movements working on this (like Envision Utah and the Clean Air Partnership). Architects can team up with these groups to push for stronger air-quality conscious design standards too.
06.03.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: What is the latest in architectural Biophilic Design? Biophilic design in 2025 is characterized by a harmonious blend of nature, technology, and sustainability. From green walls and water features to community-centric urban planning, these trends are transforming spaces into environments that promote well-being and ecological balance. Biophilic design continues to evolve, integrating nature into architecture to enhance well-being, sustainability, and urban resilience. Here are the most notable trends shaping this movement. Green Walls and Vertical Gardens Advancements in hydroponic technology and automated irrigation systems have made green walls more accessible and effective. These installations are transforming urban environments by improving air quality, reducing the urban heat island effect, and enhancing aesthetic appeal. Notably, vertical gardens are being integrated into underutilized urban spaces, such as facades and alleyways, to create vibrant green environments. (Design Middle East) Water Features for Environmental Harmony Innovations like living water walls and misting systems are being integrated into urban landscapes, providing aesthetic value and helping control humidity and air quality. These features contribute to creating peaceful environments that foster relaxation and focus. (The Home Trotters) Biophilic Workspaces for Hybrid Offices The rise of hybrid work models has pushed companies to redesign workplaces with employee well-being in mind. Natural lighting, indoor plants, and organic materials are becoming staples of office design, helping reduce stress and boost productivity. Biophilic workspaces also emphasize flexibility, offering quiet, green retreats or collaborative zones inspired by natural textures. (Design Middle East) Biomimicry in Design and Architecture Biomimicry draws inspiration from nature’s forms and systems to address design challenges. In 2025, architects and designers are adopting biomimicry to create sustainable, functional spaces. Examples include buildings inspired by termite mounds for natural ventilation or shell-like structures for strength and flexibility. By learning from nature, these designs promote resilience and sustainability in construction. (Design Middle East) Community-Centric Urban Biophilia Biophilic design is moving beyond individual buildings to reshape urban communities. Planners are integrating nature into cities through initiatives like rooftop gardens, tree-lined streets, and pocket parks. Biodiversity corridors, continuous green spaces supporting local ecosystems, are being developed to balance urban growth with ecological needs. (Design Middle East) Sustainable Materials and Local Sourcing Sustainability lies at the heart of biophilic design, and 2025 sees a stronger focus on using renewable, locally sourced materials like bamboo, wood, clay, and stone. These materials align with eco-friendly practices and emphasize the importance of reducing the environmental footprint of construction and design projects. (Design Middle East) Retail and Hospitality Leading the Charge The retail and hospitality sectors are leading the adoption of biophilic trends in 2025. Hotels and resorts are emphasizing outdoor-indoor connections, with lush green spaces, vertical gardens, and sustainable materials creating immersive guest experiences. Similarly, retail stores are using biophilic design to attract eco-conscious customers and provide a calming shopping environment. (New Earth Solutions)
07.01.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: Holding an office and/or sitting on an AIA Board is very time consuming. Why should I bother? That’s a fair and important question. Holding an office or sitting on an AIA Board is time-consuming, no doubt about it. But here's why it might still be well worth your time: Amplify Your Voice Serving on the board gives you direct influence over the direction of your local chapter or the national AIA organization. Instead of reacting to decisions you help make them, on issues that shape your profession, from climate action to equity in design. Grow Your Network You’ll work alongside diverse professionals: peers, mentors, and rising leaders which often leads to long-term relationships, collaborations, and new career opportunities. Professional Growth Board service sharpens leadership, strategic planning, public speaking, and advocacy skills. These are assets that translate far beyond AIA into firm leadership, client relations, and civic engagement. Impact the Future of Architecture Your participation helps ensure that policies and programs reflect a broad range of perspectives. You can champion initiatives that matter; whether that’s sustainability, diversity, housing, public architecture, or emerging professionals. Give Back to the Profession Many architects reflect on how mentors or professional organizations helped them grow. Serving is a chance to return the favor by supporting students, guiding younger professionals, and strengthening the future of architecture. Reputation & Visibility Leadership in AIA increases your visibility within the profession. It positions you as a thought leader and can raise your firm’s profile too. In short, yes, it's a commitment. But it’s also a powerful platform to lead change, grow as a professional, and give back to a community that shapes the built environment. If you're still on the fence, ask: What kind of architect do I want to be, and what kind of profession do I want to help shape? Board service can be one answer to that.
08.04.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: What is the current architectural job market like in Utah? The architectural and construction job market in Utah remains strong but competitive. The market in mid 2025 is vibrant but nuanced—driven by population growth, strong construction momentum, and a clear need for experienced professionals. Entry-level candidates face competition, but those who build differentiated portfolios have a shot. For mid and senior architects, it's a candidate's market with many opportunities and leverage. Entry-level vs mid-level gap There's a surplus of junior grads but a shortage of mid career architects (5–15 years experience). Firms struggle to find experienced BIM-savvy staff to steer projects.
Competitive but niche positioning viable While national demand is softening, Utah’s population growth—especially in Salt Lake, Provo, St. George—sustains demand in residential, municipal, public, and healthcare architecture. Targeting affordable housing, sustainability, or public infrastructure could be smart in a mixed market. If You're Entry Level / a Recent Grad
If You're Mid Career (5–15 years experience)
If You're Senior (15+ years experience)
Job‐Hunting Tips
09.02.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: There aren’t many business classes in most architecture schools, but architecture firms are businesses. How can I learn more to help me run my firm? The AIA Resource Center has a number of very helpful business acumen courses that are available to you through your membership! Look here first Additionally: you can pursue specialized MBA programs or courses in business and finance, seek mentorship from experienced firm owners, attend industry-specific workshops on topics like project management and client acquisition, and leverage online resources and publications focusing on architecture business practices, marketing, and firm management.
10.07.2025 DEAR ARCHITECT: In this deeply polarized country, should an architect participate in political discourse? Architecture is not only about buildings but also about how people live together, use space, and experience community. Because of this, architects are already deeply engaged with questions that overlap with politics—equity, public space, housing, climate, infrastructure, cultural identity. Whether an architect should participate in political discourse depends on how you define participation: Yes, in the sense of advocacy:
Partisanship is often not good business:
Alternative modes of engagement:
So, perhaps the answer is: an architect doesn’t need to be partisan but cannot avoid being political—since the work inherently touches questions of power, resources, and community.
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